With a population of approximately 1.017.040 inhabitants and 165 inhabitants per square kilometer, it limits to the north with Holguín;
to the south with the Caribbean Sea; to the east with Guantánamo; and to the west with Granma. Its mean annual temperature is between 24º and 28ºC and average rainfalls between 1,200 and 1,400 mm annually. This is the second important province in the country. Agriculture is the predominant resource of the province. Its main production is sugarcane, followed by citrus, fruits and coffee. It has a number of sugarcane mills, an oil refinery, cement factory, brewery and rum, among others. Its harbor, one of the most important harbors in the country, receives a great number of vessels with a remarkable flow of merchandises.